Measles

Vaccine News – VAXXED TV – Your facebook posts are making a difference & Study – Eczema vaccinatum resulting from the transmission of vaccinia virus from a smallpox vaccinee: an investigation of potential fomites in the home environment

US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health – Apr 2012

Study – Differentiating the wild from the attenuated during a measles outbreak

Nestibo L, Lee BE, Fonseca K, Beirnes J, Johnson MM, Sikora CA.
Author information
Communicable Disease Control, Alberta Health Services;

Abstractin
In the midst of a local measles outbreak, a recently immunized child was investigated for a new-onset measles-type rash. Nucleic acid testing identified that a vaccine-type measles virus was being shed in the urine. Clinically differentiating measles from a nonmeasles rash is challenging, but can be supported by a thorough medical history evaluation. Rashes are expected to occur after immunization; nucleic acid testing can be used when it is difficult to differentiate between wild and attenuated strains.

US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health – Jan 2009

Study – Eczema vaccinatum resulting from the transmission of vaccinia virus from a smallpox vaccinee: an investigation of potential fomites in the home environment.

Lederman E, Miramontes R, Openshaw J, Olson VA, Karem KL, Marcinak J, Panares R, Staggs W, Allen D, Weber SG, Vora S, Gerber SI, Hughes CM, Regnery R, Collins L, Diaz PS, Reynolds MG, Damon I.
Author information
Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. edith.lederman@med.navy.mil

Abstract
On March 3, 2007, a 2-year-old boy was hospitalized with eczema vaccinatum. His two siblings, one with eczema, were subsequently removed from the home. Swabs of household items obtained on March 13th were analyzed for orthopoxvirus DNA signatures with real-time PCR. Virus culture was attempted on positive specimens. Eight of 25 household samples were positive by PCR for orthopoxvirus; of these, three yielded viable vaccinia virus in culture. Both siblings were found to have serologic evidence of orthopoxvirus exposure. These findings have implications for smallpox preparedness, especially in situations where some household members are not candidates for vaccination.

US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health – Jan 2005

Study – Effect of different immunisation schedules on the excretion and reversion of oral poliovaccine strains.

Minor PD, Dunn G, Ramsay ME, Brown D.
Author information
National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Blanche Lane South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts, EN6 3QG, UK. pminor@nibsc.ac.uk

Abstract
Excretion of live oral poliovaccine and molecular markers of increased virulence in the viruses isolated were examined in children who were either previously immunised with inactivated or live vaccine or were unimmunised. There appeared to be some effect of previous immunisation with either live or killed vaccine at the second dose of live vaccine. Where an effect was seen it took the form of reduced rates of excretion, shorter time periods of excretion and more rapid and complete reversion of the excreted virus. The data are consistent with the view that poliovirus is able to escape the immune pressure in the gut to some extent by improving its general fitness rather than direct evasion of immunity.

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FOR ISRAEL Ministry – Jewish Johnathan Ben-David forgave his killer and you would not believe why!!!

How to accept Jesus Christ as your personal Saviour

Testimony by Phil Robertson from Duck Dynasty

1 Corinthians 15 Authorized (King James) Version (AKJV)
1 Moreover, brethren, I declare unto you the gospel which I preached unto you, which also ye have received, and wherein ye stand;
2 by which also ye are saved, if ye keep in memory what I preached unto you, unless ye have believed in vain.
3 For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures;
4 and that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures:

Hebrews 6 Authorized (King James) Version (AKJV)
1 Therefore leaving the principles of the doctrine of Christ, let us go on unto perfection; not laying again the foundation of repentance from dead works, and of faith toward God,
2 of the doctrine of baptisms, and of laying on of hands, and of resurrection of the dead, and of eternal judgment.
3 And this will we do, if God permit.
4 For it is impossible for those who were once enlightened, and have tasted of the heavenly gift, and were made partakers of the Holy Ghost,
5 and have tasted the good word of God, and the powers of the world to come,
6 if they shall fall away, to renew them again unto repentance; seeing they crucify to themselves the Son of God afresh, and put him to an open shame.
7 For the earth which drinketh in the rain that cometh oft upon it, and bringeth forth herbs meet for them by whom it is dressed, receiveth blessing from God:
8 but that which beareth thorns and briers is rejected, and is nigh unto cursing; whose end is to be burned.

Isaiah 53 – Old testament Prophecy about Jesus

1 Who hath believed our report? and to whom is the arm of the Lord revealed?
2 For he shall grow up before him as a tender plant,and as a root out of a dry ground:he hath no form nor comeliness;and when we shall see him,there is no beauty that we should desire him.
3 He is despised and rejected of men;a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief:and we hid as it were our faces from him;he was despised, and we esteemed him not.
4 Surely he hath borne our griefs,and carried our sorrows:yet we did esteem him stricken,smitten of God, and afflicted.
5 But he was wounded for our transgressions,he was bruised for our iniquities:the chastisement of our peace was upon him;and with his stripes we are healed.
6 All we like sheep have gone astray;we have turned every one to his own way;and the Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.
7 He was oppressed, and he was afflicted,yet he opened not his mouth:he is brought as a lamb to the slaughter,and as a sheep before her shearers is dumb,so he openeth not his mouth.
8 He was taken from prison and from judgment:and who shall declare his generation? for he was cut off out of the land of the living:for the transgression of my people was he stricken.
9 And he made his grave with the wicked,and with the rich in his death;because he had done no violence,neither was any deceit in his mouth.
10 Yet it pleased the Lord to bruise him;he hath put him to grief:when thou shalt make his soul an offering for sin,he shall see his seed, he shall prolong his days,and the pleasure of the Lord shall prosper in his hand.
11 He shall see of the travail of his soul, and shall be satisfied:by his knowledge shall my righteous servant justify many;for he shall bear their iniquities.
12 Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great,and he shall divide the spoil with the strong;because he hath poured out his soul unto death:and he was numbered with the transgressors;and he bare the sin of many,and made intercession for the transgressors.

The Only Sin That Leads To Hell – Kenneth E Hagin

Vaccine News – VAXXED TV – Flu Shot Killed Grandpa & Study – Detection of measles virus RNA in urine specimens from vaccine recipients

US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health – 2002

Study – Vitamin A for treating measles in children.

D’Souza RM, D’Souza R.
Author information
National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia, 0200. rennie.dsouza@anu.edu.au
Update in
Vitamin A for treating measles in children. [Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005]

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Measles is a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Vitamin A deficiency is a recognised risk factor for severe measles. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends administration of an oral dose of 200,000 IU (or 100,000 IU in infants) of vitamin A per day for two days to children with measles in areas where vitamin A deficiency may be present.

OBJECTIVES:
The purpose of this review is to determine whether vitamin A when commenced after measles has been diagnosed, is beneficial in preventing mortality, pneumonia and other complications in children.

SEARCH STRATEGY:
MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 1999 were searched.

SELECTION CRITERIA:
Only randomized controlled trials in which children with measles were given vitamin A or placebo along with standard treatment were considered.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:
Studies were assessed independently by two reviewers. The analysis of dichotomous outcomes was done using the StatXact software package. Sub-group analyses were done for dose, formulation, age, hospitalisation and pneumonia specific mortality. Weighted mean difference with 95% CI were calculated for continuous outcomes.

MAIN RESULTS:
The relative risks (RR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) are based on the estimates from the StatXact software package. There was no significant reduction in mortality in the vitamin A group when all the studies were pooled together (RR 0.60; 95% CI 0.32 to 1.12)(StatXact estimate). There was a 64% reduction in the risk of mortality in children who were given two doses of 200,000 IU of vitamin A (RR=0.36; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.82) as compared to placebo. Two doses of water based vitamin A were associated with a 81% reduction in risk of mortality (RR=0.19; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.85) as compared to 48% seen in two doses of oil based preparation (RR=0.52; 95% CI 0.16 to 1.40). Two doses of oil and water based vitamin A were associated with a 82% reduction in the risk of mortality in children under the age of 2 years (RR=0.18; 95% CI 0.03 to 0.61) and a 67% reduction in the risk of pneumonia specific mortality (RR=0.33; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.92). There was no evidence that vitamin A in a single dose of 200,000 IU was associated with a reduced risk of mortality among children with measles (RR=0.77; 95% CI 0.34 to 1.78). Sub-groups like age, dose, formulation, hospitalisation and case fatality in the study area were highly correlated and there were not enough studies to separate out the individual effects of these factors. There was a 47% reduction in the incidence of croup (RR=0.53; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.89), while there was no significant reduction in the incidence of pneumonia (RR=0.92; 95% CI 0.69 to 1.22) or of diarrhoea (RR=0.80; 95% CI 0.27 to 2.34). Duration of diarrhoea was measured in days and there was a reduction in its duration of almost two days WMD -1.92, 95% CI -3.40 to -0.44. Only one study evaluated otitis media and found a 74% reduction in its incidence (RR=0.26, 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.92). We did not find evidence that a single dose of 200,000 IU of vitamin A per day, given in oil-based formulation in areas with low case fatality, was associated with reduced mortality among children with measles. However, there was evidence that the same dose given for two days was associated with a reduced risk of overall mortality and pneumonia specific mortality.

REVIEWER’S CONCLUSIONS:
Although we did not find evidence that a single dose of 200,000 IU of vitamin A per day was associated with reduced mortality among children with measles, there was evidence that the same dose given for two days was associated with a reduced risk of overall mortality and pneumonia specific mortality. The effect was greater in children under the age of two years. There were no trials that compared a single dose with two doses, although the precision of the estimates of trials that used a single dose were similar to the trials that used two doses.

US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health – Sep 1995

Study – Detection of measles virus RNA in urine specimens from vaccine recipients.

P A Rota, A S Khan, E Durigon, T Yuran, Y S Villamarzo, and W J Bellini
Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.

ABSTRACT
Analysis of urine specimens by using reverse transcriptase-PCR was evaluated as a rapid assay to identify individuals infected with measles virus. For the study, daily urine samples were obtained from either 15-month-old children or young adults following measles immunization. Overall, measles virus RNA was detected in 10 of 12 children during the 2-week sampling period. In some cases, measles virus RNA was detected as early as 1 day or as late as 14 days after vaccination. Measles virus RNA was also detected in the urine samples from all four of the young adults between 1 and 13 days after vaccination. This assay will enable continued studies of the shedding and transmission of measles virus and, it is hoped, will provide a rapid means to identify measles infection, especially in mild or asymptomatic cases

Hepatita B: vaccinul si testele de anticorpi – escrocherie patentata

Unul din vaccinurile “cruciale” din schemele recomandate pe intreg mapamondul este vaccinul anti hepatita B.
Diagnosticul de asa-zisa “hepatita B” este de fapt descrierea simptomelor: hepatitis = inflamarea ficatului. Ca atare, hepatita B nu are cum sa fie o boala, ci este o descriere de simptome care indica o afectiune grava a ficatului si care nu este cauzata de niciun virus, deoarece nu exista in intreaga literatura medicala vreo sursa care sa demonstreze faptul ca vreun virus ar cauza hepatita B.
In schimb, exista multe studii si lucrari stiintifice despre modul cum in mod special vaccinul antihepatic distruge ficatul.In conformitate cu prospectul vaccinului antihepatic, iata ce reactii adverse au fost raportate dupa administrarea vaccinului antihepatic B:
Herpes zoster, meningita, trombocitopenie, reactie anafilactoida, anafilaxa; sindromul hipersensitivitatii, inclusiv artralgie/artrita (de obicei temporara), febra, reactii dermatologice gen urticarie, eritem multiform, echimoze, erythema nodosum, apoi encefalita, encefalopatie, migrene, scleroza multipla, nevrita, neuropatie inclusiv hipoestezie faciala, parestezie, sindromul Guillain-Barré, paralizie Bell, nevrita optica, paralizii, pareze, convulsii, sincope, mielita transversa, conjunctivita, keratita, tulburari vizuale, dureri de urechi, tinnitus, vertigo, palpitatii, tahicardie, vasculita, apnee, spasme bronhice inclusiv simptome astmatice, dispepsie, alopecie, angioedema, eczeme, eriteme multiforme inclusiv sindromul Stevens-Johnson, erythema nodosum, lichen planus, purpura, artrita, slabiciuni musculare.

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ONE FOR ISRAEL Ministry – Jewish Johnathan Ben-David forgave his killer and you would not believe why!!!

How to accept Jesus Christ as your personal Saviour

Testimony by Phil Robertson from Duck Dynasty

Corinthians 15 Authorized (King James) Version (AKJV)

1 Moreover, brethren, I declare unto you the gospel which I preached unto you, which also ye have received, and wherein ye stand;
2 by which also ye are saved, if ye keep in memory what I preached unto you, unless ye have believed in vain.
3 For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures;
4 and that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures:

Isaiah 53 – Old testament Prophecy about Jesus

The Only Sin That Leads To Hell – Kenneth E Hagin

Vaccine News – VAXXED TV – Before it’s too late & Study – Detection of fecal shedding of rotavirus vaccine in infants following their first dose of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine

US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health – May 1979

Study – Continuing mortality and morbidity from smallpox vaccination

Abstract
Three cases of cross-infection after smallpox vaccination are described, in two of which the outcome was fatal. Probably all occurred because simple precautions were not observed at the time of vaccination–for example, exclusion of contraindications and warnings about risks. If those countries still requiring evidence of vaccination for entry were to abolish this rule, however, the risk of cross-infection could be eliminated. Vaccinating a person with contraindications is justified only when exposure to smallpox has occurred.

US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health – May 2011

Study – Detection of fecal shedding of rotavirus vaccine in infants following their first dose of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine.

Yen C, Jakob K, Esona MD, Peckham X, Rausch J, Hull JJ, Whittier S, Gentsch JR, LaRussa P.
Author information
Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.

Abstract
Studies on rotavirus vaccine shedding and its potential transmission within households including immunocompromised individuals are needed to better define the potential risks and benefits of vaccination. We examined fecal shedding of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) for 9 days following the first dose of vaccine in infants between 6 and 12 weeks of age. Rotavirus antigen was detected by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and vaccine-type rotavirus was identified by nucleotide sequencing based on genetic relatedness to the RV5 VP6 gene. Stool from 22 (21.4%) of 103 children contained rotavirus antigen-positive specimens on ≥ 1 post-vaccination days. Rotavirus antigen was detected as early as post-vaccination day 3 and as late as day 9, with peak numbers of shedding on post-vaccination days 6 through 8. Vaccine-type rotavirus was detected in all 50 antigen-positive specimens and 8 of 8 antigen-negative specimens. Nine (75%) of 12 EIA-positive and 1 EIA-negative samples tested culture-positive for vaccine-type rotavirus. Fecal shedding of rotavirus vaccine virus after the first dose of RV5 occurred over a wide range of post-vaccination days not previously studied. These findings will help better define the potential for horizontal transmission of vaccine virus among immunocompromised household contacts of vaccinated infants for future studies.

US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health – Feb 2002

Study – Detection of measles vaccine in the throat of a vaccinated child.

Morfin F, Beguin A, Lina B, Thouvenot D.
Author information
Laboratory of Virology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Domaine Rockefeller, 8 avenue Rockefeller, 69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France. fmorfin@rockefeller.univ-lyon1.fr

Abstract
Measles vaccine is widely used, most often in association with mumps and rubella vaccines. We report here the case of a child presenting with fever 8 days after vaccination with a measles-mumps-rubella vaccine. Measles virus was isolated in a throat swab taken 4 days after fever onset. This virus was then further genetically characterised as a vaccine-type virus. Fever occurring subsequent to measles vaccination is related to the replication of the live attenuated vaccine virus. In the case presented here, the vaccine virus was isolated in the throat, showing that subcutaneous injection of an attenuated measles strain can result in respiratory excretion of this virus.

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ONE FOR ISRAEL Ministry – Jewish Johnathan Ben-David forgave his killer and you would not believe why!!!

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Europe’s journal on infectious disease surveillance, epidemiology, prevention and control – 2013

Study – Case of vaccine-associated measles five weeks post-immunisation, British Columbia, Canada, October 2013

M Murti – 1, M Krajden – 2, M Petric – 2, J Hiebert – 3, F Hemming – 1, B Hefford – 4, M Bigham – 1, P Van Buynder – 1

Author Affiliations:
1 Fraser Health Authority, Surrey, British Columbia, Canada
2 Public Health Microbiology and Reference Laboratory British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
3 National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
4 1-1400 George St., White Rock, British Columbia, Canada

Case report
We describe a case of vaccine-associated measles in a two-year-old patient from British Columbia, Canada, in October 2013, who received her first dose of measles-containing vaccine 37 days prior to onset of prodromal symptoms. Identification of this delayed vaccine-associated case occurred in the context of an outbreak investigation of a measles cluster.
In this report we describe a case of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine-associated measles illness that was positive by both PCR and IgM, five weeks after administration of the MMR vaccine. Based on our literature review, we believe this is the first such case report which has implications for both public health follow-up of measles cases and vaccine safety surveillance.
Between 29 August and 2 September 2013, three unlinked persons from across the Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada, presented with rash illness consistent with clinical measles [1]. Based on the outbreak investigation by the local health authority, none of the three cases had an identified exposure to a measles case or travel history outside of Canada during the incubation period, and a source case was never identified. All three cases had the same measles genotype B3 sequence type (MVs/British Columbia.CAN/34.13, MeaNS id 39928, GenBank accession numbers KF704002 and KF704001). Measles genotype B3 is endemic in the World Health Organization’s African and Eastern Mediterranean regions [2]. Two additional cases of measles due to secondary transmission from one of the above cases were identified in British Columbia in the third week of September.

US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health – 1987

Study – Characterisation of poxviruses from sporadic human infections.

Authors
Carra L – 1, Dumbell KR.
Author information
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town.

Abstract
An orthopoxvirus was isolated from the vesicular rash of a man in Natal who died in coma and who had not been vaccinated. Analysis of the viral DNA showed that it was a vaccinia virus, more closely related to the virus of South African smallpox vaccine than to other vaccinia viruses. DNA analysis also showed that an orthopoxvirus isolated from a sporadic case of severe pustular rash in Nigeria was a vaccinia virus closely related to the smallpox vaccine virus used there. Minor biological differences between the viruses isolated and the corresponding vaccine strains suggested that some natural transmission of the virus had occurred, but the results of DNA analysis implied that they originated from the use of smallpox vaccine. No similar cases have been detected since smallpox vaccination was discontinued.

US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health – 1989

Study – Acute maternal anterior poliomyelitis in a non-endemic zone

Derenne F – 1, Vanderheyden JE, Bain H, Jocquet P, Jacquy J, Yane F, Druyts-Voets E, Lamy ME, Vanhaeverbeek M.
Author information
Service de Médecine Interne, C.H.U. André Vésale, U.L.B., Montigny-le-Tilleul.

Abstract
The authors report the case of a 26 year old woman with acute anterior poliomyelitis contracted during the vaccination of her baby. Despite having been herself vaccinated in infancy she was not protected against the poliovirus. The clinical interest of this uncommon case is a severe paralytic state with definitive paraplegia. The authors suggest serologic testing of patients born before 1967 especially if they are at risk of encountering the virus.

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ONE FOR ISRAEL Ministry – Jewish Johnathan Ben-David forgave his killer and you would not believe why!!!

How to accept Jesus Christ as your personal Saviour

Testimony by Phil Robertson from Duck Dynasty

Isaiah 53 – Old testament Prophecy about Jesus

The Only Sin That Leads To Hell – Kenneth E Hagin

Vaccine News – VAXXED TV – Two of my three children are injured by vaccines & Study – Correlations Between Gene Expression and Mercury Levels in Blood of Boys With and Without Autism

US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health – Jan 2011

Study – Correlations Between Gene Expression and Mercury Levels in Blood of Boys With and Without Autism

Boryana Stamova,corresponding author – 1,9,10
Peter G. Green,2
Yingfang Tian,1,9,10
Irva Hertz-Picciotto,3,9,10
Isaac N. Pessah,4,9,10
Robin Hansen,5,9,10
Xiaowei Yang,3
Jennifer Teng,1
Jeffrey P. Gregg,6,9,10
Paul Ashwood,7,9,10
Judy Van de Water,8,9,10
and Frank R. Sharp1,9,10
1 – Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
2 – Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
3 – Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
4 – Department of VM: Molecular Biosciences, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
5 – Department of Pediatrics, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
6 – Department of Pathology, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
7 – Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
8 – Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA USA
9 – The MIND Institute, University of California at Davis Medical Center, 2805 50th Street, Room 2434, Sacramento, CA USA
10 – UC Davis Center for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention, Sacramento, CA USA

Abstract
Gene expression in blood was correlated with mercury levels in blood of 2- to 5-year-old boys with autism (AU) compared to age-matched typically developing (TD) control boys. This was done to address the possibility that the two groups might metabolize toxicants, such as mercury, differently. RNA was isolated from blood and gene expression assessed on whole genome Affymetrix Human U133 expression microarrays. Mercury levels were measured using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was performed and partial correlations between gene expression and mercury levels were calculated, after correcting for age and batch effects. To reduce false positives, only genes shared by the ANCOVA models were analyzed. Of the 26 genes that correlated with mercury levels in both AU and TD boys, 11 were significantly different between the groups (P(Diagnosis*Mercury) ≤ 0.05). The expression of a large number of genes (n = 316) correlated with mercury levels in TD but not in AU boys (P ≤ 0.05), the most represented biological functions being cell death and cell morphology. Expression of 189 genes correlated with mercury levels in AU but not in TD boys (P ≤ 0.05), the most represented biological functions being cell morphology, amino acid metabolism, and antigen presentation. These data and those in our companion study on correlation of gene expression and lead levels show that AU and TD children display different correlations between transcript levels and low levels of mercury and lead. These findings might suggest different genetic transcriptional programs associated with mercury in AU compared to TD children.

US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health – Nov 1982

Study – Abnormal immune response to brain tissue antigen in the syndrome of autism

Abstract
Cell-mediated immune response to human myelin basic protein was studied by the macrophage migration inhibition factor test in 17 autistic patients and a control group of 11 patients suffering from other mental diseases included in the differential diagnosis of the syndrome of autism. Of the 17 autistic patients, 13 demonstrated inhibition of macrophage migration, whereas none of the nonautistic patients showed such a response. The results indicate the existence of a cell-mediated immune response to brain tissue in the syndrome of autism.

US National Library of Medicine
National Institutes of Health – Apr 2000

Study – Detection and sequencing of measles virus from peripheral mononuclear cells from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and autism.

Kawashima H, Mori T, Kashiwagi Y, Takekuma K, Hoshika A, Wakefield A.
Author information
Department of Paediatrics, Tokyo Medical University, Japan.

Abstract
It has been reported that measles virus may be present in the intestine of patients with Crohn’s disease. Additionally, a new syndrome has been reported in children with autism who exhibited developmental regression and gastrointestinal symptoms (autistic enterocolitis), in some cases soon after MMR vaccine. It is not known whether the virus, if confirmed to be present in these patients, derives from either wild strains or vaccine strains. In order to characterize the strains that may be present, we have carried out the detection of measles genomic RNA in peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) in eight patients with Crohn’s disease, three patients with ulcerative colitis, and nine children with autistic enterocolitis. As controls, we examined healthy children and patients with SSPE, SLE, HIV-1 (a total of eight cases). RNA was purified from PBMC by Ficoll-paque, followed by reverse transcription using AMV; cDNAs were subjected to nested PCR for detection of specific regions of the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) gene regions. Positive samples were sequenced directly, in nucleotides 8393-8676 (H region) or 5325-5465 (from noncoding F to coding F region). One of eight patients with Crohn disease, one of three patients with ulcerative colitis, and three of nine children with autism, were positive. Controls were all negative. The sequences obtained from the patients with Crohn’s disease shared the characteristics with wild-strain virus. The sequences obtained from the patients with ulcerative colitis and children with autism were consistent with being vaccine strains. The results were concordant with the exposure history of the patients. Persistence of measles virus was confirmed in PBMC in some patients with chronic intestinal inflammation.